Non-Enzymatic and Enzymatic Antioxidant Responses of Hypericum perforatum L. Hairy Roots upon Photooxidative Stress

The aim of this study was to evaluate the non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant response fifteen Hypericum perforatum L. dark-grown (HR1 A-HR1 O) photoperiod-exposed (HR2 A-HR2 hairy root clones. Dark-grown HR1 clones were characterized with high biomass accumulation up-regulated phenylpropanoid metabolism through phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)-mediated production flavonoids, flavan-3-ols anthocyanins. These groups phenolics showed superior hydrogen-donating capability significantly contributed capacity Photoperiod-exposed HR2 green coloration shoot regenerative potential reduced accumulation. Photoperiod exposition improved hypericins, as well ferrous chelating properties lipid peroxidation inhibition activity in cultures. Furthermore, represented enhanced enzymes (guaiacol peroxidase, catalase superoxide dismutase) that resulted suppression oxidative stress markers (hydrogen peroxide, anion malondialdehyde). observations revealed involvement an efficient defense system adaptive HR photooxidative stress. Altogether, H. considered a promising alternative for further scale-up naphthodianthrones could be used pharmaceutical industry.